By Our Reporter
SHILLONG, Jan 6: A study has introduced eco-friendly methods to tackle root-knot nematodes, a pest that has been causing significant damage to tomato crops in Meghalaya.
Tomato farming, a vital source of income for farmers in the state, especially in Umsning block, Nongpoh, and high-altitude areas like East Khasi Hills, has been severely affected by nematodes. These pests attack the plant’s roots, reducing yields by up to 30%. Monocropping practices involving cabbage and cauliflower have further aggravated the problem.
The trials for the study, conducted by researchers from the Central Agricultural University (CAU), Imphal, and the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, were conducted at the Nematology Experimental Field of the School of Crop Protection, Umiam. Researchers tested the use of botanical oils, such as neem and lemongrass, along with bio-control agents like Trichoderma harzianum, Pochonia chlamydosporia, and Purpuricillium lilacinum.
The findings revealed that lemongrass oil (0.2%) was highly effective, achieving a nematode juvenile mortality rate of 99.44% within 48 hours and reducing root penetration by 95.58%. Bio-control agents like Pochonia and Purpuricillium significantly reduced nematode egg hatching, while Trichoderma improved plant growth and resistance.
According to the study, the integrated use of neem oil, lemongrass oil, and bio-control agents nearly eliminated nematode reproduction, outperforming chemical pesticides such as Bayer Velum Prime. Additionally, the sustainable approach preserves soil health and avoids environmental degradation, which is critical in Meghalaya, where traditional farming practices like shifting cultivation are prevalent.
The researchers observed that tomato plants treated with these methods grew 30% taller, with shoot lengths reaching 63.37 cm, compared to untreated plants.
With tomatoes being an important commercial crop in the state, the study provides a model for sustainable agriculture that can be replicated in other regions. By using locally available resources and promoting microbial biodiversity, farmers can achieve higher yields without compromising the environment.
The findings are expected to help tomato farmers in Meghalaya adopt better practices, ensuring long-term benefits for both agriculture and the environment.