SHILLONG, Feb 8: Once a major health concern in Meghalaya, malaria cases have significantly declined across the state in recent years. However, the latest data from the Meghalaya State National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) reveals a concerning trend—South Garo Hills continues to be a malaria hotspot despite the overall drop in cases.
While most districts in the state reported an Annual Parasite Index (API) well below 1.0, South Garo Hills stood out with an API of 1.69, far higher than any other district.
Across Meghalaya, malaria cases have drastically reduced over the past decade, thanks to the introduction of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and improved access to medical care.
However, South Garo Hills remains an exception, struggling to eliminate the disease.
A closer look at the district’s API over the years shows a steady decline from 7.95 in 2019 to 5.85 in 2020, and further down to 1.69 in 2021.
Several factors contribute to the persistence of malaria in the district. The region’s remote and difficult terrain makes access to healthcare and preventive measures challenging. Additionally, its proximity to the Bangladesh border makes it vulnerable to cross-border malaria transmission, as infected individuals may be traveling between the two regions. Many residents in the district depend on farming and forest activities, increasing their exposure to mosquito bites.
While LLINs are widely used, the acceptance of IRS remains low, limiting the effectiveness of vector control measures.
A recent study conducted by the National Institute of Malaria Research across three districts in Meghalaya explored how tribal communities perceive and manage malaria. The study found that most people now recognise malaria as a declining health threat and are well-informed about its causes and symptoms. This marks a shift from past years when misinformation about the disease was widespread.
The study also highlighted that bed net usage is widespread, although some households struggle with having enough nets for large families.
Government health centres are now the preferred choice for malaria treatment, reflecting growing trust in modern healthcare.
Although traditional healers still play a role in some communities, many now refer malaria cases to medical facilities when home remedies fail.
Interestingly, in South Garo Hills, where malaria remains most prevalent, people have largely switched to modern medicine over traditional healing methods.
This contrasts with other parts of Meghalaya, where medical pluralism—combining traditional and modern treatments—is still common.
