By Our Reporter
SHILLONG, April 30: Scientists have identified two previously unknown species of fireflies in the East Khasi Hills, marking the first formal scientific documentation of luminous insects in Meghalaya.
The study, led by Emma Magdalene Nonglang and a team from Assam Don Bosco University, describes the new species as Diaphanes meghalayanus and Diaphanes mawlynnong. The names reflect their geographical origins—D. meghalayanus is found across multiple habitats in the state, while D. mawlynnong was first recorded in Mawlynnong village.
Researchers observed the fireflies in undisturbed habitats, including semi-evergreen forests and bamboo patches near rocky streams. These areas are characterised by minimal human interference and very low levels of artificial lighting.
Field observations showed that D. meghalayanus thrives in cool, humid conditions (18–20°C), with males emitting soft green flashes while flying 10–15 metres above the ground. In contrast, D. mawlynnong is associated with denser forest canopies. While its males also fly high, the wingless females were discovered beneath rocks, producing a slower, longer glow than the males.
The discovery is significant as there were previously no published records or museum specimens of fireflies from Meghalaya. Researcher Emma Magdalene Nonglang noted that the loss of fireflies is often linked to the disappearance of natural darkness due to light pollution. Dr Jane Wanry Shangpliang added that fireflies serve as vital indicators of environmental health.
The scientists believe Meghalaya’s varied topography and elevational gradients could harbour a rich, yet largely undocumented, diversity of firefly species, necessitating further taxonomic surveys across the state.
